I bonds interest rates — TreasuryDirect (2024)

The interest rate on a Series I savings bond changes every 6 months, based on inflation. The rate can go up. The rate can go down.

I bonds earn interest until the first of these events: You cash in the bond or the bond reaches 30 years old.

I bonds earn a combined rate of interest

the interest on I bonds is a combination of

  • a fixed rate
  • a inflation rate

Current Interest Rate

Series I Savings Bonds

4.28%

This includes a fixed rate of 1.30%

For I bonds issued May 1, 2024 to October 31, 2024.

Fixed rate

You know the fixed rate of interest that you will get for your bond when you buy the bond. The fixed rate never changes.

We announce the fixed rate every May 1 and November 1. That fixed rate then applies, for the life of the bond, to all I bonds that we issue during the next 6 months.

The fixed rate is an annual rate.

Inflation rate

The inflation rate changes every 6 months.

We set the inflation rate every May 1 and November 1. We base the inflation rate on changes in the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for all items, including food and energy.

Combined rate

The actual rate of interest for an I bond is calculated from the fixed rate and the inflation rate. The combined rate changes every 6 months. It can go up or down.

I bonds protect you from inflation because when inflation increases, the combined rate increases.

Because inflation can go up or down, we can have deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation can bring the combined rate down below the fixed rate (as long as the fixed rate itself is not zero). However, if the inflation rate is so negative that it would pull the combined rate below zero, we don't let that happen. We stop at zero.

The combined rate is sometimes called the "composite rate" or the "earnings rate."

Look at the example below to see how we combine the fixed rate and the inflation rate to get the combined rate.

An example

The composite rate for I bonds issued from May 2024 through October 2024 is 4.28%.

Here's how we got that rate:

Fixed rate 1.30%
Semiannual (1/2 year) inflation rate 1.48%
Composite rate formula: [Fixed rate + (2 x semiannual inflation rate) + (fixed rate x semiannual inflation rate)] [0.0130 + (2 x 0.0148) + (0.0130 x 0.0148)]
Gives a composite rate of [0.0130 + 0.0296 + 0.0001924]
Adding the parts gives 0.0427924
Rounding gives 0.0428
Turning the decimal number to a percentage gives a composite rate of 4.28%

Interest rate changes depend on when we issued the bond

Although we announce the new rates in May and November, the date when the rate changes for your bond is every 6 months from the issue date of your bond. Use this table to understand when each new rate begins to apply to your I bond.

If we issued your bond in Your interest rate changes every
January July 1 and January 1
February August 1 and February 1
March September 1 and March 1
April October 1 and April 1
May November 1 and May 1
June December 1 and June 1
July January 1 and July 1
August February 1 and August 1
September March 1 and September 1
October April 1 and October 1
November May 1 and November 1
December June 1 and December 1

The interest gets added to the bond's value

I bonds earn interest from the first day of the month you buy them.

Twice a year, we add all the interest the bond earned in the previous 6 months to the main (principal) value of the bond.

That gives the bond a new value (old value + interest earned).

Over the next 6 months, we apply the new interest rate to that entire new value.

This is called semiannually compounding (adding value 2 times a year). That way, your money grows not just from the interest percentage but from the fact that the interest is calculated on a growing balance.

How do you find the current value of an I bond? If the bond is in TreasuryDirect, look in your account there. If the bond is paper, use the Savings Bond Calculator.

Note: For bonds less than 5 years old, values shown in TreasuryDirect and the Calculator don’t include the last 3 months of interest. That’s because if you cash a bond before 5 years, we don’t pay you the final 3 months of interest.

What have interest rates been for I bonds?

We've put all the rates together in one chart – fixed rate, inflation rate, and combined rate. You can look up a specific bond there and see its entire history. You will probably have to enlarge the chart to view a particular row. We also have a Series I Bond rate history chart.

Below, we show you historical rates in separate tables.

Fixed rates

The fixed rate that we set each May and November applies to all bonds we issue in the 6 months following the date when we set the rate. The fixed rate applies for the life of the bond.

Date the fixed rate was set Fixed rate for bonds issued in the six months after that date
May 1, 2024 1.30%
November 1, 2023 1.30%
May 1, 2023 0.90%
November 1, 2022 0.40%
May 1, 2022 0.00%
November 1, 2021 0.00%
May 1, 2021 0.00%
November 1, 2020 0.00%
May 1, 2020 0.00%
November 1, 2019 0.20%
May 1, 2019 0.50%
November 1, 2018 0.50%
May 1, 2018 0.30%
November 1, 2017 0.10%
May 1, 2017 0.00%
November 1, 2016 0.00%
May 1, 2016 0.10%
November 1, 2015 0.10%
May 1, 2015 0.00%
November 1, 2014 0.00%
May 1, 2014 0.10%
November 1, 2013 0.20%
May 1, 2013 0.00%
November 1, 2012 0.00%
May 1, 2012 0.00%
November 1, 2011 0.00%
May 1, 2011 0.00%
November 1, 2010 0.00%
May 1, 2010 0.20%
November 1, 2009 0.30%
May 1, 2009 0.10%
November 1, 2008 0.70%
May 1, 2008 0.00%
November 1, 2007 1.20%
May 1, 2007 1.30%
November 1, 2006 1.40%
May 1, 2006 1.40%
November 1, 2005 1.00%
May 1, 2005 1.20%
November 1, 2004 1.00%
May 1, 2004 1.00%
November 1, 2003 1.10%
May 1, 2003 1.10%
November 1, 2002 1.60%
May 1, 2002 2.00%
November 1, 2001 2.00%
May 1, 2001 3.00%
November 1, 2000 3.40%
May 1, 2000 3.60%
November 1, 1999 3.40%
May 1, 1999 3.30%
November 1, 1998 3.30%
September 1, 1998 3.40%

Inflation rates

The inflation rate that we set each May and November applies for 6 months to all I bonds that we ever issued.

Date the inflation rate was set Inflation rate for all I bonds issued for six months (starting in that bond's next interest start month - see the table of months higher on this page)
May 1, 2024 1.48%
November 1, 2023 1.97%
May 1, 2023 1.69%
November 1, 2022 3.24%
May 1, 2022 4.81%
November 1, 2021 3.56%
May 1, 2021 1.77%
November 1, 2020 0.84%
May 1, 2020 0.53%
November 1, 2019 1.01%
May 1, 2019 0.70%
November 1, 2018 1.16%
May 1, 2018 1.11%
November 1, 2017 1.24%
May 1, 2017 0.98%
November 1, 2016 1.38%
May 1, 2016 0.08%
November 1, 2015 0.77%
May 1, 2015 -0.80%
November 1, 2014 0.74%
May 1, 2014 0.92%
November 1, 2013 0.59%
May 1, 2013 0.59%
November 1, 2012 0.88%
May 1, 2012 1.10%
November 1, 2011 1.53%
May 1, 2011 2.30%
November 1, 2010 0.37%
May 1, 2010 0.77%
November 1, 2009 1.53%
May 1, 2009 -2.78%
November 1, 2008 2.46%
May 1, 2008 2.42%
November 1, 2007 1.53%
May 1, 2007 1.21%
November 1, 2006 1.55%
May 1, 2006 0.50%
November 1, 2005 2.85%
May 1, 2005 1.79%
November 1, 2004 1.33%
May 1, 2004 1.19%
November 1, 2003 0.54%
May 1, 2003 1.77%
November 1, 2002 1.23%
May 1, 2002 0.28%
November 1, 2001 1.19%
May 1, 2001 1.44%
November 1, 2000 1.52%
May 1, 2000 1.91%
November 1, 1999 1.76%
May 1, 1999 0.86%
November 1, 1998 0.86%
September 1, 1998 0.62%

Current composite rates

The table below shows the current composite rate for all I bonds. Each composite rate is a yearly rate that applies for 6 months.

Period when you bought your I bond Composite rate for your 6 month earning period starting during May 2024 through October 2024
From Through
May 2024 Oct. 2024 4.28%
Nov. 2023 Apr. 2024 4.28%
May 2023 Oct. 2023 3.87%
Nov. 2022 Apr. 2023 3.37%
May 2022 Oct. 2022 2.96%
Nov. 2021 Apr. 2022 2.96%
May 2021 Oct. 2021 2.96%
Nov. 2020 Apr. 2021 2.96%
May 2020 Oct. 2020 2.96%
Nov. 2019 Apr. 2020 3.16%
May 2019 Oct. 2019 3.47%
Nov. 2018 Apr. 2019 3.47%
May 2018 Oct. 2018 3.26%
Nov. 2017 Apr. 2018 3.06%
May 2017 Oct. 2017 2.96%
Nov. 2016 Apr. 2017 2.96%
May 2016 Oct. 2016 3.06%
Nov. 2015 Apr. 2016 3.06%
May 2015 Oct. 2015 2.96%
Nov. 2014 Apr. 2015 2.96%
May 2014 Oct. 2014 3.06%
Nov. 2013 Apr. 2014 3.16%
May 2013 Oct. 2013 2.96%
Nov. 2012 Apr. 2013 2.96%
May 2012 Oct. 2012 2.96%
Nov. 2011 Apr. 2012 2.96%
May 2011 Oct. 2011 2.96%
Nov. 2010 Apr. 2011 2.96%
May 2010 Oct. 2010 3.16%
Nov. 2009 Apr. 2010 3.26%
May 2009 Oct. 2009 3.06%
Nov. 2008 Apr. 2009 3.67%
May 2008 Oct. 2008 2.96%
Nov. 2007 Apr. 2008 4.18%
May 2007 Oct. 2007 4.28%
Nov. 2006 Apr. 2007 4.38%
May 2006 Oct. 2006 4.38%
Nov. 2005 Apr. 2006 3.97%
May 2005 Oct. 2005 4.18%
Nov. 2004 Apr. 2005 3.97%
May 2004 Oct. 2004 3.97%
Nov. 2003 Apr. 2004 4.08%
May 2003 Oct. 2003 4.08%
Nov. 2002 Apr. 2003 4.58%
May 2002 Oct. 2002 4.99%
Nov. 2001 Apr. 2002 4.99%
May 2001 Oct. 2001 6.00%
Nov. 2000 Apr. 2001 6.41%
May 2000 Oct. 2000 6.61%
Nov. 1999 Apr. 2000 6.41%
May 1999 Oct. 1999 6.31%
Nov. 1998 Apr. 1999 6.31%
Sept. 1998 Oct. 1998 6.41%
I bonds interest rates — TreasuryDirect (2024)

FAQs

What will the next I bond rate be in 2024? ›

The 4.28% composite rate for I bonds issued from May 2024 through October 2024 applies for the first six months after the issue date. The composite rate combines a 1.30% fixed rate of return with the 2.96% annualized rate of inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U).

What is a good interest rate for an I bond? ›

The current I bond composite rate is 4.28%. This rate is nearly a percentage point lower than the previous rate. It applies for the first six months for bonds issued from May 2024 through October 2024.

What is the downside of an I bond? ›

The cons of investing in I-bonds

There's actually a limit on how much you can invest in I-bonds per year. The annual maximum in purchases is $10,000 worth of electronic I-bonds, although in some cases, you may be able to purchase an additional $5,000 worth of paper I-bonds using your tax refund.

What is the loophole for series I bonds? ›

Normally, you're limited to purchasing $10,000 per person on electronic Series I bonds per year. However, the government allows those with a federal tax refund to invest up to $5,000 of that refund into paper I bonds. So most investors think their annual investment tops out at $15,000 – one of the key I bond myths.

How long should you hold series I bonds? ›

Can I cash it in before 30 years? You can cash in (redeem) your I bond after 12 months. However, if you cash in the bond in less than 5 years, you lose the last 3 months of interest. For example, if you cash in the bond after 18 months, you get the first 15 months of interest.

What will interest rates be in 2024 2025? ›

MBA: Rates Will Decline to 6.5% In its May Mortgage Finance Forecast, the Mortgage Bankers Association predicts that mortgage rates will fall from 6.9% in the second quarter of 2024 to 6.5% by the fourth quarter. The industry group expects rates will fall below the 6% threshold at the end of 2025.

What is the best time to cash out an I bond? ›

Remember, when you cash out your I Bonds you don't earn the interest until you complete the month and that you lose the prior 3 months' interest. If you want to keep all your good interest and get the most out of your I Bonds you should cash out: after earning 3 months of lower interest and.

How much is a $1000 savings bond worth after 30 years? ›

How to get the most value from your savings bonds
Face ValuePurchase Amount30-Year Value (Purchased May 1990)
$50 Bond$100$207.36
$100 Bond$200$414.72
$500 Bond$400$1,036.80
$1,000 Bond$800$2,073.60
May 7, 2024

Will I bond fixed rate go up? ›

The fixed rate stays the same for the life of the bond. The inflation rate can change every six months from the issue date of the bond. When the inflation rate changes, the earnings rate does too.

Can you ever lose money on an I bond? ›

You can count on a Series I bond to hold its value; that is, the bond's redemption value will not decline.

What are the disadvantages of TreasuryDirect? ›

Securities purchased through TreasuryDirect cannot be sold in the secondary market before they mature. This lack of liquidity could be a disadvantage for investors who may need to access their investment capital before the securities' maturity.

Are I bonds better than CDs? ›

If you're stashing cash for just a few years, locking in one of today's historically high CD rates is the better bet. But for long-haul savings, I bonds can ensure your cash is always safely out-earning inflation.

Is there anything better than I bonds? ›

Note that I bonds must be held for at least 12 months before they can be sold. If you hold them for less than five years, you will forfeit three months of interest. You can buy more in TIPS, and their liquidity is an attractive option for some investors. Plus, TIPS pay a fixed interest rate semiannually.

Why don t people invest in Series I bonds? ›

The initial yield is only good for the first six months you own the bond. After that, the investment acts like any other variable vehicle, meaning rates could go down and you have no control over it. And if you wait until, say, 2026 to buy an I bond, the initial rate could be well below current levels.

What is the bond yield for 2024? ›

As of June 14, 2024, the yield for a ten-year U.S. government bond was 4.2 percent, while the yield for a two-year bond was 4.67 percent. This represents an inverted yield curve, whereby bonds of longer maturities provide a lower yield, reflecting investors' expectations for a decline in long-term interest rates.

What is the inflation rate in 2024? ›

In May 2024, prices had increased by 3.3 percent compared to May 2023 according to the 12-month percentage change in the consumer price index — the monthly inflation rate for goods and services in the United States. The data represents U.S. city averages.

What are the historical rates for I bonds? ›

Line chart of I bond rates from May 2018 to May 2023. The rates are as follows: May 2018, 2.52%; November 2018, 2.83%; May 2019, 1.9%; November 2019, 2.22%; May 2020, 1.06%; November 2020, 1.68%; May 2021, 3.54%; November 2021, 7.12%; May 2022, 9.62%; November 2022, 6.89%; May 2023, 4.3%.

What is the 6 month Treasury bill rate? ›

6 Month Treasury Bill Rate is at 5.14%, compared to 5.14% the previous market day and 5.23% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 4.49%. The 6 Month Treasury Bill Rate is the yield received for investing in a US government issued treasury bill that has a maturity of 6 months.

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